Cover Crops: The Hidden Heroes of Pollutant-Free Soils
Agricultural soils often contain pollutants like nitrates, pesticides, metals, and plastic. Now, a team from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) has reviewed over 100 studies to identify plants that can help remove these pollutants through a process called phytoremediation. This overlooked potential of cover crops could bring multiple benefits to agriculture.
The UFZ team found that certain plants can effectively remove specific pollutants. For instance, rye, sunflowers, mustard, and sweetgrass can tackle pesticides, while rye and sunflowers can prevent excess nitrates from contaminating groundwater. Additionally, clover species and rape could remove metals like cadmium. However, more research is needed to identify plants that can handle nitrogen compounds, plastic, and antibiotic resistances.
The team also highlighted the potential of halophytes for removing salts and licorice for excess salt. Hemp, known for its versatility, can remove heavy metals and radioactive substances. These findings underscore the multiple benefits of cover crops, including nutrient supply, erosion protection, and carbon storage, making them valuable tools for sustainable agriculture.
The UFZ research team will commence a field study in 2025 to test the practicality of phytoremediation in agricultural practice. While more research is needed to develop effective and practical strategies, the potential of cover crops in pollutant removal is promising. This could lead to cleaner soils, healthier crops, and more sustainable farming practices.
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