Elderly individuals and those with persistent health conditions, specifically related to RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
The emergence of newly licensed Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccines has brought hope for older adults and those with chronic conditions, who are at a higher risk of severe RSV infections. These vaccines, particularly suitable for adults aged 75 years and older, and adults between 60 and 74 with specific high-risk conditions, such as chronic heart or lung disease, have shown an impressive effectiveness of 75-85% in preventing lower respiratory tract disease and hospitalization from RSV [1][2][4][5].
Key Preventive Recommendations
The primary preventive measure for high-risk older adults is RSV vaccination. A single-dose vaccine is recommended for all adults aged 75 and older. Adults aged 60 to 74 with chronic conditions or residing in long-term care facilities are also advised to receive one dose after consulting with their healthcare provider [1][2][4][5]. The optimal timing for vaccination is late summer to early fall, before the RSV season begins [4].
Currently, there are three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved RSV vaccines for older adults, including Abrysvo, Arexvy, and an mRNA prefusion F protein vaccine. These vaccines induce active immunity by stimulating the person's immune system to protect against RSV infection [1][3].
Treatment Options for Severe RSV Infection
Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment approved for RSV in adults. Supportive care is essential, with rest and fluids for mild cases, and the management of exacerbations of chronic conditions such as COPD or asthma triggered by RSV. Severe cases may require hospitalization for complications such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, or congestive heart failure worsened by RSV infection [2]. Close monitoring and appropriate supportive management of respiratory and cardiac complications are critical [2][4].
In Summary
Prevention through RSV vaccination is the cornerstone for high-risk older adults, while treatment remains supportive, focusing on symptom management and addressing complications in severe cases. This approach reflects recent advances and updated guidelines from 2023-2025, as vaccines became available and broadly recommended for older adults at risk [1][2][3][4][5].
People should seek emergency care for RSV if breathing becomes difficult, skin color is blueish, particularly on the nails or lips, or a high fever develops. It is not clear whether wearing a face mask can prevent the transmission of RSV, but early research suggests masks may limit the spread of RSV by providing a barrier against droplets.
Handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, keeping hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth, covering coughs and sneezes with a disposable tissue, disinfecting surfaces, and staying home when not feeling well are recommended for preventing RSV spread. RSV may remain transmissible for up to 4 weeks in people with weakened immune systems.
For older adults, managing RSV symptoms focuses on maintaining comfort, managing fever when present, and preventing RSV from progressing into a life-threatening respiratory illness. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved RSV vaccines for adults ages 70 and older, as well as adults ages 60 to 74 who are at an increased risk of severe RSV.
RSV symptoms in older adults include runny nose, sore throat, cough, headache, shortness of breath, pneumonia, worsening of symptoms in chronic conditions such as asthma, and potential fever. The average hospitalization stay for adults with RSV is approximately [number of days not specified in the text].
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