Eye alterations triggered by Macular Degeneration: Insight into visual experiences, distant vision, and further aspects
Macular degeneration is a common eye condition that affects the central part of a person's vision, not the edges (peripheral vision). This condition can have a significant impact on a person's ability to perform everyday tasks, as it can make it difficult to do detailed tasks requiring near vision and tasks requiring distance vision.
The Two Types of Macular Degeneration
There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration (Dry AMD) is the most common, accounting for around 90% of cases. It causes a gradual thinning and deterioration of the macula, the retina’s central region. Wet macular degeneration (Wet AMD) is less common but more aggressive, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina.
Dry Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)
Dry AMD progresses slowly over years through stages (early, intermediate, advanced) with gradual vision loss, usually mild to moderate initially. Early signs include blurred central vision and difficulty seeing fine details. In the intermediate stage, the blurred area increases in size, and there may also be blind spots. At this stage, colors may seem less bright. In the late stage of dry macular degeneration, a larger portion of the center of vision may become blurred, and straight lines appear wavy.
Wet Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD)
Wet AMD is characterized by rapid growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which leak fluid and blood. This causes sudden and severe central vision loss, often within weeks or months, due to damage and lifting of the macula. In the late stage of wet macular degeneration, central vision becomes blurry, often quickly, and there may also be blind spots. Colors may seem less bright, and straight lines may appear wavy with the waviness of lines increasing.
The Difference in Progression
Dry AMD is the most common and develops slowly, while wet AMD leads to rapid, severe vision loss caused by bleeding and leakage under the retina. The transition usually occurs from dry to wet AMD, not the reverse. About 10-15% of dry AMD cases progress to wet AMD, which is more aggressive and can cause rapid vision impairment. Wet AMD does not typically revert back to dry AMD; once abnormal blood vessels develop, they cause ongoing damage even with treatment.
Living with Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration affects both distance and near vision. It does not cause physical pain or alter the appearance of the eyes. However, it can lead to visual hallucinations known as Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS), although this is more common in advanced stages of the condition.
Early diagnosis and treatment may help slow the progression of macular degeneration. Regular eye tests can help detect the condition before a person experiences any noticeable symptoms. It's essential to maintain good eye health by eating a balanced diet, not smoking, and protecting your eyes from the sun. If you are experiencing any changes in your vision, it's important to seek medical advice promptly.
