Prostate enlargement symptoms, causes, remedies, and beyond: An overview
In this article, we delve into the world of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition that affects men over the age of 50. BPH is not cancerous, but it can cause discomfort and disrupt daily life.
BPH, the enlargement of the prostate gland, is a condition that affects half of men aged 51-60 and may impact up to 90% of men over 80. However, the exact causes of BPH are not fully understood. Some researchers believe that hormones, such as estrogen, may play a role [1].
It's crucial to note that an enlarged prostate can also be caused by conditions other than BPH, such as prostate cancer and chronic prostatitis [2]. Therefore, anyone experiencing symptoms of prostate enlargement should seek medical help promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer greatly improve the outlook.
Symptoms of BPH may include increased urinary frequency, difficulty starting a urine stream, dribbling at the end of urination, an inability to empty all of the urine from the bladder, urinary incontinence, pain when urinating, pain after ejaculation, unusually colored urine, and unusual smelling urine [3].
Treatment for BPH varies and is based on the severity of the symptoms, how much they affect a person's life, and an individual's preferences. Lifestyle changes, such as reducing liquid intake, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, training the bladder to hold more urine for longer periods, doing pelvic floor muscle exercises, preventing or treating constipation, and medications like alpha blockers, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and combination medications, are possible treatments [3].
When lifestyle changes and medications are not sufficient, minimally invasive procedures may be considered. These procedures aim to destroy enlarged prostate tissue and widen the urethra to relieve blockages. Examples include transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral incision of the prostate, laser surgery, and open prostatectomy [4]. Other minimally invasive procedures include transurethral needle ablation, transurethral microwave thermotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound, transurethral electrovaporization, water-induced thermotherapy, and prostatic stent insertion [5].
Surgery for BPH is recommended when medications and other treatments do not work. Surgical procedures may involve removing enlarged prostate tissue or making cuts in the prostate to widen the urethra [4].
Preventive measures for BPH primarily involve lifestyle adjustments. Regular physical activity, dietary changes, and avoiding irritants like caffeine and alcohol can help reduce symptoms and potentially lower the risk of BPH development [1][2][3][5]. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing fluid intake, especially before bedtime, and practicing pelvic floor exercises are essential [3].
Avoiding certain medications, such as decongestants, antihistamines, and diuretics, which may worsen BPH symptoms, is also important [3]. Regular medical check-ups enable early detection and timely management of complications related to BPH [3][5].
In conclusion, adopting healthy habits supports prostate health and overall well-being. While BPH is related to aging and hormonal changes, these measures can help manage symptoms and potentially lower the risk of BPH development. As always, consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment.
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